Biceps Article & Plans
April 1969 American Aircraft Modeler

April 1969 American Aircraft Modeler Table of Contents Aeromodeling has seen significant changes over the decades both in technology and preferences. Magazines like American Aircraft Modeler, American Modeler, and Air Trails were the best venues for capturing snapshots of the status quo of the day. All copyrights are hereby acknowledged.

Biceps

A muscular, big-engine bipe for sport and exhibition control-line flying.

By Donald Yearout

Nearly every airplane nut has a soft spot for biplanes. There is something nostalgic about a two-winger, the whistle of wind through rigging wires and all that stuff.

When our local model club began control-line exhibition flying to stimulate public interest and recruit new club members, I became enthusiastic about a bipe for that type of flying. It would be an attention-grabber, an extremely stuntable and flashy aircraft. The ship I had in mind would be large; a small plane just doesn't get attention. The further I studied the biplane configuration, .the more intriguing it became.

It appeared that the built-in head-wind high-drag characteristic to biplanes might be used to advantage. A large engine to turn a big low-pitch prop would give a very high static thrust. In combination with the high-lift high-drag layout this would result in a relatively slow-flying, extremely maneuverable craft - like a helicopter with its rotor facing forward! And that's the way it turned out.

A few additional design features improved performance, such as: thick, blunt airfoil sections with full-span flaps on both wings to help eliminate the wobbling or staggering at low speeds common to biplanes during tight turns. A large elevator surface proved effective at low speeds. A large rudder with quite a bit of turn-out kept the lines tight at all times, since centrifugal force is not much of a factor at low speeds. There you have it.

The theory sounded good, but the proof came in building and flying the brute. Biceps is a spectacular performer, a real ball to fly. Although not a smooth, precision, contest-type ship, it should give a good account of itself in any contest in the hands of a competent pilot. For exhibition-flying, Biceps is superb, the hit of any show. It is not particularly difficult to build. Large size and straight lines contribute to simplicity. It does take a considerable amount of balsa.

Tail surfaces: Both the fin-rudder and the stabilizer-elevator assemblies are made from medium-weight sheet balsa; wood grain parallel to hinge lines. First glue balsa sheets together edgewise to obtain enough width for entire piece to be cut from. Then shape to a streamline section similar to that shown on the plan. I have found that sanding boards (sandpaper of various grits glued to a flat piece of 1 x 2" pine about 8 or 10" long) make excellent tools for rough-shaping balsa wood before final sanding, prior to painting and finishing.

After rough-shaping, thoroughly sand with progressively finer sandpaper until you are satisfied with the job. Then seal the wood grain with a couple of coats of clear dope. I use and recommend Aero Glass products. They cost a little more but the quality is worth it. A couple of coats of filler should be applied next, again lightly sanding between coats. Now cut the rudder and elevator apart from their respective assemblies and sand the cut edges, rounding them slightly and follow by doping to seal the wood grain.

Now glue the rudder to the fin with 1" of turn-out measured at the trailing edge. For the elevator, recess the edge as necessary for the control-horn assembly; I used a prefabbed unit available at most hobby stores. Cement or epoxy the horn in place. Next attach the hinges, cloth, metal, or plastic as you prefer - I used cloth. Dope over them, seal, and fill the surface. A drop of oil applied to the center of each hinge before doping will keep them flexible. The final finish coats of dope will be applied after the surfaces are attached to the fuselage.

Wings: There isn't anything unusual in their construction except for the wing-strut-attachment method, which will be explained in detail later. First cut out the ribs. You may think there are a lot of them and there are, but the close-rib spacing really looks nice on the completed ship; it serves a real purpose too. On a thick airfoil, close-rib spacing is necessary to prevent the covering from sagging, which would defeat the purpose of the thick airfoil. Cut the ribs from medium-soft 1/16 sheet balsa. I made metal templates for the W1 and W2 ribs, so I could cut out about a dozen at a time which helped somewhat.

Make up the wing spars from hard, straight balsa - 1/4 x 1" for the front spars and 1/4 x 3/4" for the rear. Splice as necessary to gain the proper lengths. Slide the full-length ribs, one at a time, onto both the front and rear spar making sure you do not forget the W3 center rib in the top wing and the W7 rib in the bottom one. When the ribs are in their approximate position, pin the spars down directly over their corresponding plan, blocking them up to clear the ribs with balsa scraps - 1/8" thicker scrap under the rear spar than the front. Next, slide the ribs into their exact positions and spot-glue them in place. Later you can cement more thoroughly after removing the wing from the plan.

The trailing edges can be installed next. They may be shaped either before or after attaching. I used a razor plane on the original model which worked very well. Next put on the 1/4 x 1 leading edges after beveling one edge of each so they fit together nicely. Before trimming the leading edges to final shape (again using a razor plane or substitute), install all the false ribs (W2, 5 & 6) in their proper positions and cement thoroughly. Make darned sure you don't forget to put in the wing strut mounting blocks (made from 1/2" hard sheet balsa). Cement them thoroughly in their proper locations - bottom of the top wing, and top of the bottom wing.

Install the wing tips and other finishing pieces such as top wing center-section trailing edge and bottom wing center-section trailing edge and bottom wing center-section sheeting. Carefully sand entire structures, dope and sand again. The wings should now be ready for covering. I used silk on the original ship for durability although other covering materials may be used as well. Dope with three coats of clear and two of color for reasonably good finish, substituting a coat of filler for the third clear coat if desired.

Fuselage: Make the engine mounts first, using very hard wood (maple was used on the original Biceps). Each mount measures 3/8 x 3/4 x 12 1/8". Drill the mounting holes to fit the engine you are going to use. A Fox 59 was used in the first Biceps and worked out beautifully - a very powerful, depend-able engine. Also drill the cabane strut in the location shown on the plan. Now mount the engine on the mounts using #6-32 machine screws. A small amount of out-thrust can be added at this time if desired, although it is not absolutely necessary.

Next cut out the 1/16 plywood doublers and the 1/8 ply firewall (patterns are shown on the plan). Place the firewall in position on the mounts and apply epoxy glue to the joined surfaces. Lay the mounts upside down on a flat surface with the engine and firewall top hanging over the edge. Use a piece of wax paper or plastic wrap under the mounts to keep the epoxy off the surface. Glue the 1/16 plywood doublers to the engine mounts and firewall with more epoxy and then let everything cure.

Now cut out the 1/8 fuselage sides and 1/16 balsa doublers (grain-vertical on the latter) from medium-weight sheet balsa. Then cement the 1/16 doubler pieces against the inner surface of the 1/8 side parts; be sure the cutout for the lower wing is cut out through both parts. Now cement fuselage side assemblies to the plywood doublers, putting on formers F1 and F2 at this time. After allowing the glue to dry overnight, bring the aft ends of the fuselage together and cement them with a wedge of scrap balsa for reinforcement. Install the rest of the fuselage formers, bellcrank and mount assembly and landing gear mount.

Attach a couple of 6-32 nuts to the upper surface of the gear mount while you can still get at it. Do not put the top and bottom sheeting on yet. You can, however fit the fuel tank in and build up a supporting plate of balsa underneath and on top. I used a plastic "clunk" R/C tank in my Biceps, but a metal control-line tank could be used as well. One advantage to the plastic tank is that it is removable for repair or replacement through the round hole in the firewall. If a metal tank is used, the firewall hole may be eliminated. No fuel tank fill and vent lines are shown on the plans because of the option of tank type used.

Landing gear: This is made from 1/8 spring aluminum stock. A Sig landing-gear blank was used on the original model. The aluminum spring stock is cut to size and bent to shape as shown on the plan, being very careful to use large radius bends. A small radius bend will very likely crack the hard aluminum stock, in which case, you've had it. Nothing to do but start over again with another blank. The wheels are attached with No. 8 machine screws (see plan for details).

The wheel pants are built up from three laminations of balsa with a plywood insert in the side between the wheel and gear leg. Use epoxy glue between the plywood insert and landing gear leg, and epoxy putty to fillet in for extra strength to finish off the job. You will probably have to drill out the wheel hubs with a #19 drill to make them fit a No.8 machine screw since most wheels have smaller hub holes than that. Mount the gear on the fuselage with two No. 6 flat head machine screws, counter-sinking the heads flush with the surface.

Miscellaneous assembly: Install the lower wing. Before you slide it through the holes in the fuselage however, put wing flap horn into position. The flap horn is made from 3/32 music wire. The sheet metal lever arm is silver-soldered to it. Glue the wing in position and connect the bellcrank to the flap horn. Install the flaps by attaching the hinges (fabric or metal).

Now install the stabilizer and attach the elevator to the flap horn. Thoroughly check out the control system and modify as necessary before going further. Next, install the tail wheel and mount. Before going further, all four wing struts must be built and attached. The struts are made from music wire as shown on the plan. Spiral wrap all tips with copper wire and solder all joints. Now see if you can fit the bottom ends of the cabane struts into the corresponding holes in the engine mounts. If you can - great! If not, bend the struts to fit or enlarge the holes in the engine mounts.

Place the interplane struts into position in the lower wing and fit the top wing onto all the strut tips. Make a couple of cardboard jigs (shown on the plan) to align the top wing properly. When everything fits, epoxy the lower ends of all the struts into their mating holes and allow to cure undisturbed. Remove the top wing and install the top and bottom sheeting on the fuselage. Round all corners and edges, install the rudder, and start applying the finish. At least two coats of clear followed by filler and color coats. Attach the top wing again, using the cardboard jigs and the old faithful epoxy. After attaching the top wing flaps, install the flap linkage rods and make sure they work without binding.

Build the flap linkage rods from 1/8 brass tubing flattened slightly to an oval shape. Cut length carefully so the flaps will be even and parallel. Drill 1/16 holes through the rod tips so they will end up at least 1/16 below the flap surface. The hinge pins at both ends of the flap rods are 1/16 music wire, 7/8" long. The tubing pieces that complete the assembly are 1/16 ID x 1/16" long, either brass or aluminum. Grease the rod tip, hinge pins and tips of the tubing (not the center) with Vaseline.

Place the assembly in position in the grooves in the flaps and cover with epoxy. Try to keep the epoxy away from the oval rods to prevent binding later. It is much easier to do the lower wing hookup first, then after that is cured, turn the ship over and repeat the hookup to the top wing. Be certain that the flaps are even and parallel before the last hookup is made. It is darned hard to correct later.

Build the cowling from sheet balsa, being sure to dope generously inside. The cowling may be attached using a couple of screws through the side into the engine mounts. After completing all the little details like the spinner, windshield, line guides, etc., it should be completed. Nothing left but some spectacular flying.

Biceps Plans Sheet 1

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Biceps Plans Sheet 2

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Posted July 16, 2012